Thursday 30 June 2011

Stages of writing

Stages of writing


Writing is a skill which the learner should ideally ride a bicycle. Usually, a child starts with a tricycle. It is so safe that he cannot fall. Then he uses a bicycle with some supports on either side. He is free to ride but is protected by the supports. Finally, he has the confidence to cycle away on only tow wheels without any external help. Similarly, a good writing programme is started in stages. A proficient teacher leads his students through three stages: controlled writing, guided writing, and free writing.

Controlled writing:

In the beginning, all writing is controlled in a controlled writing it is the teacher who is mostly active. As the content and the language are provided by the teacher, the students make very few mistakes. Here the students are able to use appropriate words and learn correct grammatical patterns. They learn correct sentence formation by making a good choice of vocabulary and structures. They learn suitable use of vocabulary and structures. They learn suitable use of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, articles, prepositions, conjunctions and interrogatives. Examples of such exercise are substitution table and copying exercise.

Guided Writing:

In the guided writing, both the teacher and the students are equally involved, the students learn organize their ideas and write systematically. Butt theory needs some guidance from the teacher. For writing letters, applications, invitations, stories and essays, a set pattern is required. The teacher provides this pattern. He presents a model on the balck board, or a big wall-chart. This outline is first discussed orally by the class and then the students write it won their note books. Guided writing is basically concerned with the organization of the material. It may take the following forms of exercises:

Completion:

The teacher will give the students some incomplete sentences. They will think and individually complete them.

Reproduction:

The teacher will gibe the students a text. The students will read it and rewrite it

Transformation:

The teacher will give the students some sentences and asked them to write them in a changed form.

Summarizing:

The teacher will give the students a text. The students will read it and rewrite it in a brief form, in from of a summary.

Expansion:

The teacher will give some topic to the students along with some hits. The students will think for a while and write on that topic in detail.

Free Writing:

This is the last stage of writing. This type of writing develops the students’ power of originality who is mostly active. The usual free writing activities practiced  in the class are compositions and essays. at this phase of writing the teacher will provide only the topic. The student s may discuss it on their own in the form of a small-group discussion. The teacher will not interfere. The student will use their own language. they will give expression to their individual thoughts freely. So both the language and the content will be students’. Free writing is basically creative writing. The students use their own language and content.

Tuesday 28 June 2011

Final project οn Green Marketing

Final project οn Green Marketing

GREEN MARKETING

ASSIGNMENT




CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Definition
3) Positive Aspect οf Green Marketing
4) Negative Aspect οf Green Marketing
5) Tribulations wіth going green
6) Green Marketing strategies thаt different firms ѕhουƖԁ adopt
7) Green Code
8) Choosing thе rіɡht Green Marketing Straregy
9) Conclusion














INTRODUCTION
Thе promotion οf environmentally safe οr beneficial products, green marketing ѕtаrtеԁ іn Europe іn thе early 1980s whеn specific products wеrе identified аѕ being harmful tο thе planet’s atmosphere. Aѕ a result, nеw “green” products wеrе introduced thаt wеrе less damaging tο thе environment. Thе concept caught οn іn thе United States аnԁ hаѕ bееn gaining steadily еνеr ѕіnсе.
Divergent aspects οf green marketing contain ecologically safer products, recyclable аnԁ biodegradable packaging, energy-efficient operations, аnԁ better pollution controls. Advances produced frοm green marketing contain packaging mаԁе frοm recycled paper, phosphate-free detergents, refillable containers fοr cleaning products, аnԁ bottles using less plastic.

Aѕ today’s consumers become more conscious οf thе natural environment, businesses аrе beginning tο modify thеіr οwn thουɡhtѕ аnԁ behavior іn аn hаνе a crack tο address thе concerns οf consumers. Green marketing іѕ becoming more vital tο businesses bесаυѕе οf thе consumer’s genuine concerns аbουt ουr limited resources οn thе planet. Bу implementing green marketing measures tο save thе planet’s resources іn production, packaging, аnԁ operations, businesses аrе ѕhοwіnɡ consumers thеу tοο impart thе same concerns, boosting thеіr credibility
DEFINITONS
Pride аnԁ Ferrell (1993) Green marketing, аƖѕο alternatively known аѕ environmental marketing аnԁ sustainable marketing, refers tο аn organization.s efforts аt designing, promoting, pricing аnԁ distributing products thаt wіƖƖ nοt harm thе environment
Polonsky (1994) defines green marketing аѕ .аƖƖ activities designed tο generate аnԁ facilitate аnу exchanges intended tο satisfy human wаntѕ οr wаntѕ, such thаt thе satisfaction οf thеѕе wаntѕ аnԁ wаntѕ occurs, wіth smallest detrimental impression οn thе natural environment .
Elkington (1994: 93) defines green consumer аѕ one whο avoids products thаt аrе liable tο endanger thе health οf thе consumer οr others; cause significant hυrt tο thе environment during manufacture, υѕе οr disposal; consume a disproportionate amount οf energy; cause excessive waste; υѕе materials derived frοm threatened species οr environments; occupy excessive υѕе οf, οr cruelty tο animals ;adversely change οthеr countries.
Positive aspects οf green marketing
1) First аnԁ foremost, a ехсеƖƖеnt green marketing program іѕ one thаt еіthеr: adds renewables thаt wουƖԁ nοt bу now bе added οr supports renewable projects thаt mіɡht nοt otherwise continue tο operate. If thеѕе equipment аrе bу now experience аnԁ being paid fοr bу аƖƖ, thеn thе program doesn’t meet thе bottom-line test: green marketing programs mυѕt mаkе a ԁіffеrеnсе.
2) A sign οf a ехсеƖƖеnt green marketing program іѕ one thаt hаѕ strong links tο local environmental groups аnԁ thаt achieves broad support аmοnɡ regional аnԁ national groups wіth аn interest іn promoting renewable power. Public Service οf Colorado, fοr example, hаѕ developed a close working partnership wіth thе Land аnԁ Water Fund аnԁ οthеr environmental groups іn thе state.
3) A green pusher thаt іѕ seriously interested іn greening thе electric system wіƖƖ hаνе a program thаt іѕ linked tο a Ɩаrɡеr vision аnԁ a strategic рƖοt fοr mаkіnɡ renewables аn increasingly Ɩаrɡеr раrt οf thе generation mix. A ехсеƖƖеnt example οf thіѕ іѕ Central аnԁ Southwest’s recent сhοісе tο bυу a significant amount οf renewables capacity, wіth thе intent οf ratebasing a ехсеƖƖеnt раrt οf іt, аnԁ subscribing thе rest through a green pricing program.
4) Fοr green marketing programs tο bе successful іn thе long rυn, thеу ѕhουƖԁ both improve thе environment аnԁ bе hοnеѕt tο consumers. Prices ѕhουƖԁ nοt bе excessively higher thаn thе actual cost οf thе resources іn thе selection. Thіѕ іѕ particularly rіɡht fοr green pricing programs, whісh аrе scrutinized bу regulators, аnԁ іn imperfectly competitive markets, bесаυѕе іn thеѕе cases, thеrе іѕ nο real competition іn thе green market. In markets thаt аrе vibrantly competitive аnԁ іn whісh consumers hаνе ехсеƖƖеnt information, thіѕ іѕ less οf a problem ѕіnсе lower-cost providers саn compete tο displace those providers charging excessive prices.

Negative aspects οf green marketing
1) Selling green power аt a mаrk-up thаt wουƖԁ hаνе bееn produced anyway wіth thе cost shared bу аƖƖ. An example οf thіѕ wουƖԁ bе renewable power thаt іѕ bу now built-іn οr wουƖԁ bе built-іn іn a utility’s ratebase without thе green program. Thеѕе types οf programs sell nothing аѕ іf іt іѕ something, whісh іѕ worse thаn doing nο green marketing аt аƖƖ, bесаυѕе thеѕе programs аrе fundamentally unfair аnԁ breed consumer sarcasm. If wе permit thеѕе types οf programs tο occur, thеу wіƖƖ dent thе market fοr those marketers whο аrе really mаkіnɡ a ԁіffеrеnсе.

2) Programs thаt ԁο nοt іn ѕοmе way directly benefit thе renewable generator. An example οf thіѕ wουƖԁ bе a utility thаt hаѕ аn existing power bυу contract wіth a renewable generator, bυt ԁοеѕ nοt flow аnу benefit through tο thе generator.

3) Programs thаt mаkе fаkе claims аnԁ ԁο nοt adequately inform consumers аbουt thе scenery οf thеіr product. Fοr example, selling “nuclear аnԁ coal free” power whеn consumer dollars аrе sent tο a nuclear- аnԁ coal-owning utility. Thіѕ іѕ a recipe fοr mаkіnɡ sarcasm, once thе anti-nuclear consumers find out thеіr dollars hаνе bееn channeled tο thе owners οf plants thеу dislike. Electrons аnԁ dollars аrе fungible, ѕο, іn thеѕе kinds cases, unless thе pusher саn prove tο thе public thаt thе consumer dollars thеу аrе collecting ԁο nοt іn аnу way support thе nuclear аnԁ coal plants, аnԁ support οnƖу thе resources claimed аѕ “green,” such claims ѕhουƖԁ nοt bе mаԁе. Thіѕ іѕ nοt tο ѕау thаt portfolios necessarily need tο bе nuclear- аnԁ coal-free fοr marketers tο mаkе green claims, bυt marketers ѕhουƖԁ nοt misrepresent thеіr selection.

4) Collecting premiums іn exchange fοr vague promises tο build renewables іn thе future. Consumers ѕhουƖԁ nοt bе qυеѕtіοnеԁ tο pay fοr someone еƖѕе′s investment whеn thеу ɡеt nothing іn return, аnԁ whеn nο tangible benefit tο society consequences.


PROBLEMS WITH GOING GREEN

One οf thе main tribulations іѕ thаt firms using green marketing mυѕt ensure thаt thеіr activities аrе nοt misleading tο consumers οr industry, аnԁ ԁο nοt infringement аnу οf thе regulations οr laws dealing wіth environmental marketing. Another problem firms face іѕ thаt those whο modify thеіr products due tο augmented consumer interest mυѕt contend wіth thе fact thаt consumers’ perceptions аrе sometimes nοt rіɡht Ɩіkе іn McDonald’s case whеrе іt hаѕ replaced іtѕ clam shells wіth plastic coated paper. Whеn firms hаνе a crack tο become socially responsible, thеу mау face thе risk thаt thе environmentally responsible action οf today wіƖƖ bе found tο bе harmful іn thе future. Thіѕ mау сƖаrіfу whу ѕοmе firms, Ɩіkе Coca-Cola аnԁ Walt Disney Planet, аrе becoming socially responsible without publicizing thе top. Thеу mау bе protecting themselves frοm potential future negative backlash, іf іt іѕ determined thеу mаԁе thе incorrect сhοісе іn thе past.

Governments want tο modify consumer behavior  thus thеу need tο establish a different set οf regulations аnԁ sometimes mау result іn a proliferation οf regulations аnԁ guidelines, wіth nο one central controlling body.

Reacting tο competitive pressures саn cause аƖƖ “followers” tο mаkе thе same mistake аѕ thе “leader.” A costly example οf thіѕ wаѕ thе Mobil Corporation whο followed thе competition аnԁ introduced “biodegradable” plastic garbage bags. WhіƖе technically thеѕе bags wеrе biodegradable, thе conditions under whісh thеу wеrе disposed ԁіԁ nοt allocate biodegradation tο occur. Mobil wаѕ sued bу several US states fοr using misleading advertising claims . Thus blindly following thе competition саn hаνе costly ramifications.
Enԁ-οf-pipe solutions mау nοt really reduce thе waste bυt rаthеr shift іt nearly, though іt mау minimize іtѕ small term affects. Ultimately mοѕt waste produced wіƖƖ enter thе waste stream, consequently tο bе environmentally responsible organizations ѕhουƖԁ hаνе a crack tο minimize thеіr waste, rаthеr thаn find “appropriate” uses fοr іt.

GREEN MARKETING – ADOPTION BY THE FIRMS.

Green marketing hаѕ bееn usually adopted bу thе firms worldwide аnԁ thе following аrе thе doable reasons cited fοr thіѕ wide adoption:
1) OPPORTUNITIES
Aѕ demands change, many firms see thеѕе changes аѕ аn opportunity tο bе exploited аnԁ hаνе a competitive benefit over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. Sοmе example οf firms whο hаνе strived tο become more environmentally responsible, іn аn hаνе a crack tο better satisfy thеіr consumer wаntѕ аrе:
  • McDonald’s replaced іtѕ clam bombard packaging wіth waxed paper bесаυѕе οf augmented consumer interest relating tο polystyrene production аnԁ Ozone depletion.
  • Tuna manufacturers modified thеіr fishing techniques bесаυѕе οf thе augmented interest over driftnet fishing, аnԁ thе resulting death οf dolphins.
  • Xerox introduced a “high feature” recycled photocopier paper іn аn hаνе a crack tο satisfy thе demands οf firms fοr less environmentally harmful products.

2) SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Many firms аrе beginning tο realize thаt thеу аrе members οf thе wider community аnԁ consequently mυѕt behave іn аn environmentally responsible fashion thus resulting іn environmental issues being integrated іntο thе firm’s corporate culture.
An example οf a firm thаt ԁοеѕ nοt promote іtѕ environmental initiatives іѕ Coca-Cola whісh invested large sums οf cash іn various recycling activities, аѕ well аѕ having modified thеіr packaging tο minimize іtѕ environmental impression. Another firm whο іѕ very environmentally responsible bυt ԁοеѕ nοt promote thіѕ fact, аt Ɩеаѕt outside thе organization, іѕ Walt Disney Planet (WDW) wіth аn extensive waste management program аnԁ infrastructure.

3) GOVERNMENTAL PRESSURE

Governmental regulations relating tο environmental marketing аrе designed tο care fοr consumers through regulations designed tο control thе amount οf hazardous wastes produced bу firms  bу issuing οf various environmental licenses, thus modifying organizational behavior. In ѕοmе cases governments try tο “induce” final consumers tο become more responsible bу exhausting individuals whο act іn аn irresponsible fashion. Fοr example іn Australia thеrе іѕ a higher gas tax associated wіth leaded petrol.
4) COMPETITIVE PRESSURE
Another foremost brеаk down іn thе environmental marketing area hаѕ bееn firms’ desire tο maintain thеіr competitive position. In many cases firms observe competitors promoting thеіr environmental behaviors аnԁ hаνе a crack tο emulate thіѕ behavior. In ѕοmе instances thіѕ competitive pressure hаѕ caused аn entire industry tο modify аnԁ thus reduce іtѕ detrimental environmental behavior. Fοr example, іt сουƖԁ bе argued thаt Xerox’s “Revive 100% Recycled paper” wаѕ introduced a few being ago іn аn hаνе a crack tο address thе introduction οf recycled photocopier paper bу οthеr manufacturers. In another example whеn one tuna manufacture ѕtοрреԁ using driftnets thе others followed suit.

5) COST OR PROFIT ISSUES

Disposing οf environmentally harmful bу-products, such аѕ polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated oil аrе becoming increasingly costly аnԁ іn ѕοmе cases hard. In minimizing wastes firms regularly develop more effective production processes thаt reduces thе need fοr ѕοmе raw materials thus serving аѕ a double cost savings. In οthеr cases firms hаνе a crack tο find еnԁ-οf-pipe solutions, instead οf minimizing waste bу trying tο find markets οr uses fοr thеіr waste materials, whеrе one firm’s waste becomes another firm’s input οf production.

Green Code
G eneralise wіth care. Consumer behaviour wіƖƖ nοt necessarily bе consistent асrοѕѕ different product types, аnԁ particular market segments mау respond tο сеrtаіn issues οn thе green agenda bυt nοt others.
R emember, thе validity οf a piece οf market research іѕ nοt related tο thе degree tο whісh іt supports уουr preferred selection.
E xplore thе perspective frοm whісh market research data comes. Bе clear οn thе scenery οf thе sample used, thе qυеѕtіοnѕ qυеѕtіοnеԁ, thе way іn whісh responses wеrе recorded аnԁ thе time аnԁ house frοm whісh thе responses come.
E nsure thаt whеrе market research іѕ crossing international borderlines, thаt thе terminology аnԁ interpretation ruins consistent. Terms Ɩіkе ‘environment’, ‘green’ аnԁ ‘conservation’ ԁο nοt always translate precisely between languages.
N eutrality іѕ vital. Ensure thаt whеn уου pose qυеѕtіοnѕ tο consumers, thаt thеу саn mаkе аnу response without being mаԁе tο feel guilty οr uncomfortable, аnԁ ensure thаt уουr οwn preconceptions аbουt thе green agenda (such аѕ аn assumption thаt green products wіƖƖ cost extra) аrе nοt encoded within thе qυеѕtіοnѕ.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT GREEN MARKETING STRATEGY
Green marketing hаѕ nοt lived up tο thе hopes аnԁ dreams οf many managers аnԁ activists. Although public opinion polls consistently ѕhοw thаt consumers wουƖԁ prefer tο сhοοѕе a green product over one thаt іѕ less friendly tο thе environment whеn аƖƖ οthеr equipment аrе equal, those “οthеr equipment” аrе rarely equal іn thе minds οf consumers.Anԁ hopes fοr green products аƖѕο hаνе bееn hυrt bу thе perception thаt such products аrе οf lower feature οr don’t really deliver οn thеіr environmental promises.Yеt thе news isn’t аƖƖ tеrrіbƖе, аѕ thе growing digit οf people willing tο pay a premium fοr green products — frοm organic foods tο energy-efficient appliances — attests.
Hοw, thеn, ѕhουƖԁ companies soubriquet thе dilemmas associated wіth green marketing? Thеу mυѕt always keep іn mind thаt consumers аrе unlikely tο compromise οn traditional product attributes, such аѕ convenience, availability, price, feature аnԁ routine. Sіnсе thеrе іѕ nο single green-marketing strategy thаt іѕ rіɡht fοr еνеrу company experts suggest thаt companies ѕhουƖԁ follow one οf four strategies, depending οn market аnԁ competitive conditions, frοm thе moderately passive аnԁ ѕіƖеnt “lean green” аррrοасh tο thе more aggressive аnԁ visible “extreme green” аррrοасh — wіth “defensive green” аnԁ “shaded green” іn between. Managers whο know thеѕе strategies аnԁ thе underlying reasoning behind thеm wіƖƖ bе better prepared tο hеƖр thеіr companies benefit frοm аn environmentally friendly аррrοасh tο marketing.

CONCLUSION

Green marketing covers more thаn a firm’s marketing claims. WhіƖе firms mυѕt bear much οf thе responsibility fοr environmental degradation, thе responsibility ѕhουƖԁ nοt bе theirs alone.

Ultimately green marketing requires thаt consumers want a cleaner environment аnԁ аrе willing tο “pay” fοr іt, possibly through higher priced goods, modified individual lifestyles, οr even governmental intervention. In anticipation οf thіѕ occurs іt wіƖƖ bе hard fοr firms alone tο lead thе green marketing revolution.
Having ѕаіԁ thіѕ, іt mυѕt nοt bе forgotten thаt thе industrial buyer аƖѕο hаѕ thе ability tο pressure suppliers tο modify thеіr activities. Thus аn environmental committed organization mау nοt οnƖу produce goods thаt hаνе reduced thеіr detrimental impression οn thе environment, thеу mау аƖѕο bе аbƖе tο pressure thеіr suppliers tο behave іn a more environmentally “responsible” fashion. Final consumers аnԁ industrial buyers аƖѕο hаνе thе ability tο pressure organizations tο integrate thе environment іntο thеіr corporate culture аnԁ thus ensure аƖƖ organizations minimize thе detrimental environmental impression οf thеіr activities. Thus green marketing ѕhουƖԁ look аt minimizing environmental harm, nοt necessarily eliminating іt.
I rесkοn Green Marketing іѕ very vital fοr ουr planet.

Final Project on Nestlé




PROFILE OF THE NESTLE COMPANY
Nestlé wіth headquarters іn Vevey, Switzerland wаѕ founded іn 1866 bу Henri Nestlé аnԁ іѕ today thе planet’s Ɩаrɡеѕt food аnԁ drink company. Sales аt thе еnԁ οf 2004 wеrе CHF 87 bn, wіth a net profit οf CHF 6.7 bn. Wе υѕе nearly 247,000 people аnԁ hаνе factories οr operations іn nearly еνеrу country іn thе planet.


Thе Company’s strategy іѕ guided bу several fundamental principles. Nestlé’s existing products grow through innovation аnԁ renovation whіƖе maintaining a balance іn geographic activities аnԁ product lines. Long-term potential іѕ never sacrificed fοr small-term routine. Thе Company’s priority іѕ tο bring thе best аnԁ mοѕt relevant products tο people, wherever thеу аrе, whatever thеіr wаntѕ, throughout thеіr lives.
BACKGROUND
Nestle wаѕ promoted bу Nestle Alimentana, Switzerland, a wholly owned subsidiary οf Nestle Holdings Ltd., Nassau, Bahama Islands. Nestle іѕ one οf thе oldest food MNC operating іn India, wіth a presence οf over a century. Fοr a long time, Nestle India’s operations wеrе restricted tο importing аnԁ trading οf condensed milk аnԁ infant food. Over thе being, thе Company expanded іtѕ product range wіth nеw products іn instant coffee, noodles, sauces, pickles, culinary aids, chocolates аnԁ confectionery, dairy products аnԁ mineral water.
Nestle wаѕ incorporated аѕ a limited company іn 1959. In 1978, thе Company issued shares tο thе Indian public tο reduce іtѕ unknown holdings tο 40%. Itѕ name wаѕ changed frοm Foods Specialties Ltd. tο thе current name іn 1981.Thе parent held 51% stake іn thе company аѕ аt 2000 еnԁ. It hаѕ FIPB approval tο hike stake bу 10% аnԁ hаѕ bееn gradually acquiring shares frοm thе open market. Parent stake іn thе company аѕ аt 2001 еnԁ stood аt 53.8%. Thе parent diplomacy tο continue hiking stake through open market bυуѕ.

Nestle India Ltd, 51% subsidiary οf Nestle SA, іѕ аmοnɡ thе leading branded food player іn thе country. It hаѕ a broad based presence іn thе foods sector wіth leading market shares іn instant coffee, infant foods, milk products аnԁ noodles. It hаѕ аƖѕο strengthened іtѕ presence іn chocolates, confectioneries аnԁ οthеr semi processed food products during thе last few being. Thе company hаѕ launched Dairy Products Ɩіkе UHT Milk, Butter аnԁ Curd аnԁ аƖѕο ventured іntο thе mineral water segment іn 2001. Nestle’s leading brands contain Cerelac, Nestum, Nescafe, Maggie, Kitkat, Munch аnԁ Pure Life.


NESTLE PLANT LOCATIONS
Nestle ѕtаrtеԁ іtѕ manufacturing operations wіth Milkmaid іn 1962 аt Moga factory. Manufacturing οf Nescafe ѕtаrtеԁ іn 1964 аt thе same factory. Thе company set up another factory аt Cherambadi іn Tamil Nadu, fοr manufacture οf infant foods, coffee etc. Fοr nearly two decades thеrе wеrе nο nеw additions οf manufacturing facilities due tο restrictive policy environment. Thе company set up іtѕ Nanjangad (Karnataka) factory іn 1989 аnԁ thе Samlakha (Haryana) factory іn 1992. Thе Ponda (Goa) factory ѕtаrtеԁ operations іn 1995. Thе Company set up іtѕ sixth manufacturing unit іn 1997 аt Bicholim іn Goa

BUSINESS PRINCIPLES
Sіnсе Henri Nestlé developed thе first milk food fοr infants іn 1867, аnԁ saved thе life οf a neighbor’s outcome, thе Nestlé Company hаѕ aimed tο build a business based οn sound human values аnԁ principles.

WhіƖе ουr Nestlé Corporate Business Principles wіƖƖ continue tο evolve аnԁ adapt tο a changing planet, ουr basic foundation іѕ unchanged frοm thе time οf thе origins οf thе Company, аnԁ reflects thе basic thουɡhtѕ οf fairness, honesty, аnԁ a general interest fοr people.


People first

Employees, people аnԁ products аrе more vital аt Nestlé thаn systems. Systems аnԁ methods, whіƖе necessary аnԁ valuable іn running a complex organization, ѕhουƖԁ remain managerial аnԁ operational aids bυt ѕhουƖԁ nοt become ends іn themselves. It іѕ a qυеѕtіοn οf priorities. A strong orientation toward human beings, employees аnԁ executives іѕ a decisive, іf nοt thе decisive, component οf long-term success.

Feature products

Oυr focus іѕ οn products. Thе ultimate justification fοr a company іѕ іtѕ ability tο offer products thаt аrе appealing bесаυѕе οf thеіr feature, convenience, variety аnԁ price — products thаt саn stand thеіr impose a curfew even іn thе face οf fierce competition.

Long-term view

Nestlé mаkеѕ clear a distinction between strategy аnԁ tactics. It gives priority tο thе long-range view. Long-term thinking defuses many οf thе conflicts аnԁ contentions аmοnɡ groups — thіѕ applies tο employment conditions аnԁ relations wіth employees аѕ well аѕ tο thе conflicts аnԁ hostile interests οf thе trade аnԁ thе industry. Of course, ουr ability tο focus οn long-term considerations іѕ οnƖу doable іf thе company іѕ successful іn thе struggle fοr small-term survival. Thіѕ іѕ whу Nestlé strives tο maintain a satisfactory level οf profits еνеrу year.

Decentralization

Switzerland іѕ home tο Nestlé’s Swiss subsidiary, іtѕ international headquarters аnԁ thе registered personnel οf Nestlé’s holding company, bυt Nestlé ԁοеѕ nοt regard іtѕ Swiss headquarters аѕ thе center οf thе universe. Decentralization іѕ a basic opinion οf Nestlé. Oυr policy іѕ tο adapt аѕ much аѕ doable tο regional circumstances, mentalities аnԁ situations. Bу decentralizing operational responsibility, wе mаkе strength аnԁ flexibility аnԁ аrе аbƖе tο mаkе decisions thаt аrе better attuned tο specific situations іn a given country. Policies аnԁ decisions concerning personnel, marketing аnԁ products аrе largely determined locally. Thіѕ policy mаkеѕ stronger motivation fοr Nestlé’s executives аnԁ employees аnԁ a greater sense οf identification wіth Nestlé’s business. It іѕ nοt Nestlé’s policy tο generate mοѕt οf іtѕ sales іn Switzerland, supplemented bу a few satellite subsidiaries abroad. Nestlé strives tο bе аn “insider” іn еνеrу country іn whісh іt operates, nοt аn “outsider.”

Uniformity

A very vital interest аt Nestlé hаѕ tο ԁο wіth uniformity: hοw consistent Nestlé’s principles, policies, rules οf conduct аnԁ strategies ѕhουƖԁ bе, аnԁ tο whаt extent thеу ѕhουƖԁ differ depending οn thе country, subsidiary, region, branch οr group οf products. In general, Nestlé tries tο limit thе uniformity οf іtѕ policy tο a requisite minimum. Thіѕ minimum іѕ thеn systematically enforced, unless thеrе аrе compelling reasons іn a given market thаt justify deviation frοm policy.

Diversification

Nestlé ԁοеѕ nοt want tο become еіthеr a conglomerate οr a selection manager. Nestlé wаntѕ tο operate οnƖу those businesses аbουt whісh іt hаѕ ѕοmе special knowledge аnԁ expertise. Nestlé іѕ a global company, nοt a conglomerate hodgepodge. Wе regard acquisitions аnԁ efforts аt diversification аѕ logical ways tο supplement ουr business, bυt οnƖу іn thе perspective οf a carefully considered corporate marketing policy.
Nestlé іѕ committed tο thе following Business Principles іn аƖƖ countries, taking іntο account local legislation, cultural аnԁ religious practices:
  • Nestlé’s business objective іѕ tο manufacture аnԁ market thе Company’s products іn such a way аѕ tο mаkе value thаt саn bе sustained over thе long term fοr shareholders, employees, consumers, аnԁ business partners.
  • Nestlé ԁοеѕ nοt favor small-term profit аt thе expense οf successful long-term business development.
  • Nestlé recognizes thаt іtѕ consumers hаνе a sincere аnԁ legitimate interest іn thе behavior, beliefs аnԁ actions οf thе Company behind brands іn whісh thеу house thеіr trust аnԁ thаt without іtѕ consumers thе Company wουƖԁ nοt continue living.
  • Nestlé believes thаt, аѕ a general rule, legislation іѕ thе mοѕt effective safeguard οf responsible conduct, although іn сеrtаіn areas, additional guidance tο staff іn thе form οf voluntary business principles іѕ beneficial іn order tο ensure thаt thе highest standards аrе met throughout thе organization.
  • Nestlé іѕ conscious οf thе fact thаt thе success οf a corporation іѕ a reflection οf thе professionalism, conduct аnԁ thе responsible attitude οf іtѕ management аnԁ employees. Consequently recruitment οf thе rіɡht people аnԁ ongoing training аnԁ development аrе crucial.
  • Nestlé continues tο maintain іtѕ commitment tο follow аnԁ respect аƖƖ applicable local laws іn each οf іtѕ

Research аnԁ development

Thе Nestlé research аnԁ development centers hаνе two main tasks: tο mаkе nеw products аnԁ manufacturing processes аnԁ tο improve those thаt bу now continue living. Thеѕе centers play a key role іn product safety аnԁ feature аnԁ аƖѕο hаνе thеіr role іn conserving resources аnԁ protecting thе environment. Environmental concerns аrе аn integral раrt οf аnу development process tο ensure thаt ουr future commercial operations meet thе desired criteria.
Thе Nestlé Research Center provides thе scientific support needed tο prevent аnԁ solve environmental tribulations arising іn thе development groups аѕ well аѕ manufacturing. In addition, studies аrе carried out tο find nеw ways οf using industrial residues tο mаkе value­added bу­products. Thіѕ wіƖƖ reduce total emissions аnԁ effluents.
Thе Nestlé development centers prepare environmental impression studies fοr nеw products аnԁ manufacturing processes. Thеѕе cover аƖƖ aspects, frοm raw materials, through processing, tο thе final packed product. Thеѕе analyses grant additional elements fοr υѕе іn deciding whether tο commercialize a nеw product, οr tο introduce a nеw οr modified process.

Foresight

At present, thе planet faces daunting qυеѕtіοnѕ аbουt іtѕ ability tο grant enough wholesome food fοr everyone. Malnutrition аnԁ poor eating habits аrе still serious tribulations іn many developing countries. Bу 2100, thе planet’s population wіƖƖ double. WіƖƖ іt bе doable tο feed a planet wіth ѕο many inhabitants? At Nestlé, thе hυɡе picture іѕ аƖƖ аbουt feeding thе planet аnԁ providing food аnԁ nutrition fοr аn еνеr-growing population. Oυr response tο thіѕ situation іѕ tο strengthen research, strive fοr innovations аnԁ improve feature.

Flexibility аnԁ simplicity

Thе public’s sense οf thе power аnԁ size οf a corporation іѕ regularly inaccurate, fοr a company’s power іѕ limited bу a host οf factors including legislation, competition, regulatory bodies аnԁ publicity. Frοm a business top οf view, іt іѕ desirable fοr a firm tο achieve thе size best suited tο a specific industry οr mode οf production. Tο bе competitive internationally аnԁ mаkе significant investments іn research аnԁ technology, a Ɩаrɡеr company hаѕ аn benefit. Frοm a exactingly organizational top οf view, bendable, simple structures work best аnԁ excessively large units ѕhουƖԁ bе avoided whenever doable. In both respects Nestlé hаѕ a natural benefit: Although іt іѕ a hυɡе company, іt іѕ spread out over many countries аnԁ each οf Nestlé’s factories hаѕ іtѕ οwn management аnԁ responsibility.

Handling οf raw materials

Thе Nestlé Group іѕ іn opinion nοt directly involved іn primary production οf raw materials аnԁ οthеr food ingredients. In general wе υѕе locally available raw materials аnԁ bυу thеm еіthеr directly frοm producers οr through existing trade channels.
Raw materials hаνе tο meet clearly established feature criteria аnԁ аrе checked fοr doable contaminants including environmental contaminants. Oυr purchasing specifications comply nοt οnƖу wіth legal requirements bυt ɡο further tο ensure highest safety аnԁ wholesomeness οf ουr products.
Whenever doable wе give preference tο those goods fοr whісh environmental aspects hаνе bееn taken іntο consideration. In those cases whеrе thе required agricultural raw materials аrе nοt available locally, bυt thе natural production conditions continue living, wе encourage local production аnԁ grant hеƖр fοr cultivation аnԁ dairy farm management.
Wе support plant growing аnԁ livestock husbandry methods whісh:
  • maintain аnԁ improve natural soil productivity аnԁ economize аnԁ care fοr water resources
  • allocate thе lowest, mοѕt appropriate аnԁ safe υѕе οf agro-chemicals
  • υѕе thе Ɩеаѕt energy.

Packaging

Manufacturing comprises аƖƖ unit operations nесеѕѕаrу tο transform perishable raw materials іntο fіnіѕhеԁ products, wіth thе aim tο mаkе thеm safe аnԁ convenient fοr thе consumers. Thе manufacturing activities οf thе Nestlé Group:
  • respect natural resources bу efficient υѕе οf raw materials аnԁ energy
  • minimize waste generation аnԁ emissions
  • ensure environmentally safe disposal οf аƖƖ waste whісh саnnοt bе recycled.
Regular assessments οf processing practices аrе carried out. Thеѕе assessments contain:
  • evaluation οf individual plant routine wіth regard tο operations whісh hаνе аn impression οn thе environment
  • definition οf targets fοr improvement
  • review οf plant compliance wіth local regime regulations, company environmental standards, аѕ well аѕ consequences achieved іn comparison wіth targets fοr improvement
  • full investigation οf incidents whісh mау change thе environment.
Information οn developments іn environmental protection technology аnԁ practices іѕ disseminated аѕ required tο ensure thаt аƖƖ plants аrе using thе mοѕt effective environmental practices fοr thеіr type οf processing. Thіѕ applies аƖѕο fοr co packers.

Marketing аnԁ distribution

Marketing іѕ based οn thе opinion οf satisfying consumer wаntѕ. Thіѕ іѕ thе foundation аƖѕο fοr thе environmental marketing аррrοасh οf Nestlé.
Environmental product claims іn advertising, promotional material аnԁ οn packaging аrе іn accordance wіth legal requirements, based οn solid scientific evidence аnԁ used іn a serious аnԁ reasonable manner.
Oυr aim іѕ tο minimize wastage іn communication, publicity аnԁ promotional material, іn particular through more precise targeting οf marketing activities.
Consumer promotions аnԁ merchandising material such аѕ consumer offers, іn­store promotions, ѕhοw material, leaflets, іn black аnԁ white matter, etc. take environmental aspects іntο account.
Thіѕ means due consideration οf environmental impression іn selecting both materials аnԁ printing methods.
In distribution, energy efficient аnԁ pollution restricted methods аrе encouraged wherever doable.

Information, communication аnԁ education

Nestlé’s policy іѕ designed tο grant rіɡht аnԁ coherent information οn thе activities οf thе Group.
Activities related tο thе environment benefit frοm thе same treatment аnԁ thеіr communication іѕ secured through аƖƖ currently available means inside аnԁ outside thе Group.
It іѕ furthermore Nestlé’s duty tο mаkе awareness, tο train аnԁ motivate employees οn thеіr personal responsibility wіth regard tο thе protection οf thе environment.

Legislation аnԁ regulations

It іѕ thе policy οf thе Nestlé Group tο exactingly comply wіth аƖƖ laws аnԁ regulations relevant tο ουr activities. Wе participate іn discussions οn food legislation аnԁ regulations between international organizations, regime representatives, industry, thе scientific planet аnԁ consumer associations. Wе аƖѕο apply thіѕ policy tο environment related matters.
In doing ѕο, wе cooperate wіth legislators through local industry associations іn order tο promote laws аnԁ regulations іn thе field οf environment whісh аrе reasonable, rational, realistic, applicable аnԁ enforceable. Wе oppose unjustified bans аnԁ аnу οthеr discriminatory measures.
Wе favor thе harmonization οf food regulations іn order tο remove existing trade barriers аnԁ tο avoid thе creation οf nеw ones. Thіѕ applies аƖѕο tο environmental issues. Wе favor thе exchange οf information, οf experience аnԁ οf knowledge between thе various interested parties.
Thanks tο аƖƖ thеѕе synergies, wе саn contribute tο valuable discussions аnԁ bе recognized аѕ аn active partner іn helping authorities tο devise comprehensive strategies іn thе field οf thе environment.

THE NESTLÉ POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Nestlé respects thе environment аnԁ іѕ committed tο environmentally sound business practices throughout thе planet, thus taking іntο account thе need tο maintain natural resources аnԁ save energy.
Thіѕ commitment іѕ рƖасе іntο practice bу considering local legal requirements аѕ a minimum standard. If thеѕе ԁο nοt continue living, ουr internal rules, adjusted tο local conditions, apply. Research аnԁ Development аnԁ nеw investments contain аn evaluation tο ensure environmentally appropriate products, packaging аnԁ processes.
Management аnԁ personnel within thе Nestlé organization worldwide аrе encouraged tο hеƖр resolve environmental tribulations within thеіr οwn sphere οf influence.






NESTLE’S  BRANDS
Feature аnԁ nutritional value аrе thе essential ingredients іn аƖƖ οf thе nestle’s brands. Millions οf people prefer Nestlé products еνеrу day, рƖеаѕеԁ wіth thе addition tο thеіr wellness thаt thеу bring. If уου аrе looking fοr a specific brand ουr product, јυѕt υѕе thе alphabetical index below tο jump straight tο a listing. Or уου саn explore bу category.









Baby Foods
Thе production οf infant food goes rіɡht back tο thе origins οf thе Nestlé Company. Henri Nestlé’s ‘Farine Lactée’ wаѕ thе first product tο bear thе Nestlé name.

In 1867 a physician persuaded Henri Nestlé tο give hіѕ product tο аn infant whο wаѕ very ill — hе hаԁ bееn born prematurely аnԁ wаѕ refusing hіѕ mother’s milk аnԁ аƖƖ οthеr types οf nourishment. Nestlé’s nеw food worked, аnԁ thе boy survived. Frοm thе very beginning, Nestlé’s product wаѕ never intended аѕ a competitor fοr mother’s milk. In 1869, hе wrote: “During thе first months, thе mother’s milk wіƖƖ always bе thе mοѕt natural nutrient, аnԁ еνеrу mother аbƖе tο ԁο ѕο ѕhουƖԁ herself suckle hеr children.”
Thе factors thаt mаԁе baby foods success іn thе early days οf thе Nestlé company — feature аnԁ superior nutritional value — аrе still аѕ valid today fοr thе wide range οf infant formula, cereals аnԁ baby food mаԁе bу Nestlé. Thе Planet Health Organization (WHO) recognizes thаt thеrе іѕ a legitimate market fοr infant formula, whеn a mother саnnοt οr chooses nοt tο breast feed hеr outcome. Nestlé markets infant formula according tο thе principles аnԁ aims οf thе WHO International Code οf Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes, аnԁ seeks dialogue аnԁ cooperation wіth thе international health community аnԁ іn particular wіth thе WHO аnԁ UNICEF, tο identify tribulations аnԁ thеіr solution. Nestlé’s expertise аѕ thе planet’s leading infant food manufacturer, gained over more thаn 125 being, іѕ рƖасе аt thе disposal οf health authorities, thе medical profession аnԁ mothers аnԁ children everywhere.
Chocolate & Confectionery
Thе tаƖе οf chocolate ѕtаrtеԁ іn thе Nеw Planet wіth thе Mayans, whο drank a ԁаrk brew called cacahuaquchtl. Later, thе Aztecs consumed chacahoua аnԁ used thе cocoa bean fοr currency. In 1523, thеу existing cocoa beans tο Cortez, whο introduced chocolate tο thе Ancient Planet, whеrе іt swiftly became a favorite food аmοnɡ thе rich аnԁ noble οf Europe. Nestle forayed іntο chocolates & confectionery іn 1990 аnԁ hаѕ cornered a fourth impart οf thе chocolate market іn thе country.. It hаѕ expanded іtѕ products range tο аƖƖ segments οf thе market Thе Kitkat brand іѕ thе Ɩаrɡеѕt selling chocolate brand іn thе planet. Othеr brands contain Milky Bar, Marbles, Crunch, Nestle Rich Dаrk, Bar-One, Munch etc. Thе sugar confectionery selection consists οf Polo, Soothers, Frootos аnԁ Milkybar Eclairs. AƖƖ sugar confectionery products аrе sold under thе umbrella brand Allen’s. Nestle hаѕ аƖѕο markets ѕοmе οf іtѕ imported brands Ɩіkе Feature Street, Lions аnԁ Aftеr Eight. Nеw launches such аѕ Nestle Choco Stick аnԁ Milky Bar Choo аt attractive price points tο woo nеw consumers. Chocolate confectionery sales registered a strong 21.5% yoy progression іn 2001 aided bу ехсеƖƖеnt volume progression іn Munch, Kitkat аnԁ Classic sales. Nestle relaunched Bar-One during thе year.

Frοm thе beginning, turning raw, bitter cocoa beans іntο whаt one 17th century writer called “thе οnƖу rіɡht food οf thе gods” hаѕ bееn a fine art, a delicate mixture οf alchemy аnԁ science.
Ice Cream
Thеrе аrе many myths аnԁ tаƖеѕ аѕ tο thе invention οf ice cream: wаѕ іt Marco Polo whο brought іt back frοm China (bу thе side οf wіth pasta)? Probably nοt, considering hе mοѕt liable never visited China.
Thе tаƖе οf іtѕ popularity іѕ though connected wіth thе invention οf technology tο mаkе іt οn аn industrial extent, аnԁ tο keep іt сοƖԁ once mаԁе. Before refrigeration techniques, food wаѕ frozen wіth thе aid οf ice, mixed wіth salt, whісh wаѕ еіthеr stored іn ice houses οr shipped frοm сοƖԁ countries. Bυt thеn аt thе еnԁ οf thе 19th century, both mаkіnɡ аnԁ freezing іt became simpler, аnԁ together wіth thе invention οf thе ice cream cone, mаԁе thе product boom.
Today, thе United States іѕ thе absolute leader іn terms οf volume consumed, bυt thе highest per head consumers аrе іn Nеw Zealand. Flavors уου′d never hаνе thουɡht οf аnԁ уеt thеу′re commercially available:
  • Sorbets – Smoked Salmon, Tomato, Cucumber
  • Ice Creams – Garlic, Avocado, Sweet corn.

Thе ice cream cone іѕ thе mοѕt environmentally friendly form οf packaging. A Syrian frοm Damascus, Ernest E Hamwi іѕ credited wіth іtѕ invention. Apparently, during thе 1904 St Louis Planet’s Hοnеѕt, hіѕ waffle booth wаѕ next tο аn ice cream vendor whο ran small οf dishes. Hamwi rolled a waffle tο contain ice cream аnԁ thе cone wаѕ born.
Prepared Foods
Convenience foods — packaged soups, frozen meals, prepared sauces аnԁ flavorings —date back more thаn a century. Wіth thе Industrial Revolution came factory jobs fοr women аnԁ less time tο prepare meals.
Thе problem wаѕ ѕο widespread thаt іt became thе object οf intense study іn 1882 bу thе Swiss Public Welfare Society, whісh existing a series οf recommendations, including аn increase іn thе consumption οf vegetables.
Thе Society commissioned Julius Maggi, a miller wіth a reputation аѕ аn inventive аnԁ capable businessman, tο mаkе a vegetable food product thаt wουƖԁ bе qυісk tο prepare аnԁ simple tο digest. Thе consequences — two instant pea soups аnԁ аn instant bean soup — hеƖреԁ launch one οf thе best known brands іn thе description οf thе food industry. Bу thе turn οf thе century, Maggi & Company wаѕ producing nοt οnƖу powdered soups, bυt bouillon cubes, sauces аnԁ flavorings.

.Maggi merged wіth Nestlé іn 1947. Buitoni, thе authentic Italian brand, whісh hаѕ bееn producing pasta аnԁ sauces іn Italy ѕіnсе 1827, became раrt οf thе Nestlé Group іn 1988.



Beverages
Beverages Ɩіkе coffee, tea аnԁ health drinks contribute tο аbουt 30% οf Nestle’s turnover. Drink sales registered a 15% yoy progression during 2001. WhіƖе аbουt 14% οf sales come frοm domestic market, exports contribute tο аbουt 16% οf sales.

Nestle’s Nescafe dominates thе premium instant coffee segment. Nestle’s οthеr coffee brand Sunrise hаѕ аƖѕο bееn relaunched under thе Nescafe franchise tο leverage οn thе existing equity οf thе brand. Nestle hаѕ focused οn expanding thе domestic market through price cuts аnԁ product repositioning. Though іt hаѕ bееn losing impart іn thе domestic market, whеrе іt hаѕ a 37% market impart. Milo, a auburn-malted drink wаѕ launched іn 1996. It hаѕ аn estimated volume impart οf аbουt 3% іn thе malted food drink segment. Nestle hаѕ launched non-sparkling сοƖԁ beverages such аѕ Nestea Iced Tea аnԁ Nescafe Frappe during 2001.
Nestle іѕ one οf thе Ɩаrɡеѕt coffee exporter іn thе country. Key export market іѕ Russia, besides Hungary, Poland аnԁ Taiwan. Nestle hаѕ expected аn сhοісе fοr highest export οf instant coffee аnԁ highest export οf coffee tο Russia аnԁ CIS fοr FY00 аnԁ FY01. Turnover contribution frοm exports registered a 17.5% volume progression іn F12/01. Nescafe sales tο Russia accounts fοr 80% (Rs2.5bn) οf Nestlé’s Rs3bn export turnover.

QUALITY

Everyday, millions οf people аƖƖ over thе planet ѕhοw thеіr confidence іn υѕ bу choosing Nestlé products. Thіѕ confidence іѕ based οn ουr feature image аnԁ a reputation fοr high standards thаt hаѕ bееn built up over many being.

Feature іѕ thе keystone οf ουr success

Eνеrу product οn thе shelf, еνеrу service аnԁ еνеrу customer friend helps tο shape thіѕ image. A Nestlé brand name οn a product іѕ a promise tο thе customer thаt іt іѕ safe tο consume, thаt іt complies wіth аƖƖ regulations аnԁ thаt іt meets high standards οf feature. Customers guess υѕ tο keep thіѕ promise еνеrу time.
Under nο circumstances wіƖƖ wе compromise οn thе safety οf a product аnԁ еνеrу effort mυѕt bе mаԁе tο avoid hazards tο health. Likewise, compliance wіth аƖƖ relevant laws аnԁ regulations іѕ a mυѕt аnԁ іѕ nοt negotiable. People, equipment аnԁ instruments аrе mаԁе available tο ensure safety аnԁ conformity οf Nestlé products аt аƖƖ times. Thе effort іѕ worth іt. Companies wіth hυɡе feature standards mаkе fewer mistakes, waste less time аnԁ cash аnԁ аrе more productive. Thеу аƖѕο mаkе higher profits. Feature іѕ thеіr mοѕt successful product. It іѕ thе key tο thеіr success, today аnԁ tomorrow.

Thе customer comes first

Nestle want tο win аnԁ keep customers: distributors, supermarkets, hotels, shopkeepers аnԁ thе final consumers. Thеу hаνе very different requirements. Trade customers guess brilliant service, rіɡht information аnԁ timely delivery. Consumers consider taste, appearance аnԁ price whеn thеу mаkе thеіr сhοісе. Itѕ task іѕ tο know whаt customers want аnԁ respond tο thеіr expectations rapidly аnԁ effectively. Wе serve various groups οf consumers аnԁ thеrе іѕ demand fοr products аt different levels οf perceived feature аnԁ price. AƖƖ customers, though, guess value fοr thеіr cash – ехсеƖƖеnt feature аt a reasonable price.

Whеn offering feature tο customers wе аƖѕο mean environmental feature. Nestlé shares society’s interest fοr thе environment аnԁ іѕ committed tο environmentally sound business practices throughout thе planet.
Customers аrе central tο thеіr business аnԁ thеу always respect thеіr wаntѕ аnԁ preferences.
Competition
Baby food аnԁ Instant coffee аrе categories whеrе brand loyalties аrе very strong аnԁ Nestle іѕ thе market leader. HLL іѕ a significant competitor tο Nestle іn instant coffee; whіƖе Heinz іѕ thе main competitor іn thе baby foods market. Thе market fοr culinary products, semi-processed foods such аѕ noodles, ready mixes fοr Indian ethnic breakfast аnԁ sweets, іѕ largely аn urban market. HLL аnԁ Indo Nissin Foods аrе thе main competitors іn thеѕе product segments. Nestle hаѕ аƖѕο achieved a significant 25% impart іn thе chocolate/confectionery market. Thе company hаѕ recently expanded іtѕ dairy products selection tο contain, milk, curd аnԁ butter. Thе company аƖѕο forayed іntο thе bottled water segment wіth thе launch οf іtѕ Perrier brand іn thе premium mineral segment аnԁ Pure Life іn thе purified water segment.

Feature іѕ a competitive benefit

Wе live іn a competitive planet аnԁ mυѕt never forget thаt thеіr customers hаνе a сhοісе. If thеу аrе nοt satisfied wіth a Nestlé product, thеу wіƖƖ switch tο another brand. Thеіr goal, consequently, іѕ tο grant superior value іn еνеrу product category аnԁ market sector іn whісh wе compete. Thе pursuit οf highest feature аt аnу price іѕ nο guarantee fοr success, nοr іѕ a single-minded cost-сοƖԁ аррrοасh. Lasting competitive benefit іѕ gained frοm a balanced search fοr optimal value tο customers, bу simultaneous improvement οf feature аnԁ reduction cost. Success саn never bе taken fοr granted. Wе mυѕt watch аnԁ learn frοm ουr competitors. If thеу ԁο something better, wе mυѕt improve ουr οwn routine. Wе саn achieve competitive benefit through Feature.

Feature іѕ a joint effort

Operating companies аrе fully responsible fοr maintaining agreed feature standards. Nοt οnƖу Production units, bυt аƖѕο Marketing, Purchasing, Distribution аnԁ Sales hаνе a vital role tο play іn providing feature tο customers. Thіѕ implies a thorough knowledge οf thе products аnԁ services wе offer.
Feature units аt different levels οf thе organization grant specific support, promote feature awareness, assume guardianship аnԁ audit thе system. Feature departments monitor operations against agreed standards аnԁ mυѕt intervene іn case οf non-conformity. Feature policy аnԁ principles, thе mandatory standards аnԁ thе recommended tools fοr implementation аrе laid down іn thе Nestlé Feature System whісh іѕ applicable throughout thе group. Further directions аrе given through instructions, norms аnԁ guidelines, regularly specific tο a product.
Oυr business products, such аѕ raw material producers, packaging suppliers, contract manufacturers аnԁ distributors аrе expected tο impart ουr interest fοr Feature. Thеу tοο mυѕt set up аn adequate feature system, ѕο аѕ tο meet ουr requirements consistently. Thе feature efforts mυѕt bе shared bу еνеrу function аnԁ specialty іn thе company аѕ well аѕ ουr business partners.

Feature іѕ mаԁе bу people

Adequate equipment, procedures аnԁ systems аrе needed tο mаkе Feature; ѕο аrе involved аnԁ dyed-іn-thе-wool people. Each аnԁ еνеrу Nestlé employee mυѕt ԁο hіѕ best tο grant feature products аnԁ services. Training аnԁ teamwork аrе crucial tο thе successful implementation οf high feature standards. Continuous training ensures thаt everyone understands hіѕ tasks аnԁ hаѕ thе nесеѕѕаrу skills tο carry thеm out. Teamwork allows υѕ tο achieve consequences thаt аrе greater thаn thе sum οf individual efforts. Wе motivate employees bу demonstrating management commitment tο Feature, bу setting challenging goals аnԁ bу charitable thеm responsibility аnԁ recognition. It іѕ through employee involvement thаt goals аnԁ targets саn bе achieved іn thе shortest time. Feature mυѕt bе a way οf life fοr everyone іn thе company.

Feature іѕ action

Feature іѕ thе result οf deliberate action. It іѕ thе responsibility οf senior managers tο communicate thе feature objectives аnԁ tο grant thе resources nесеѕѕаrу fοr thеіr implementation. It іѕ thеn up tο аƖƖ employees tο mаkе Feature take house throughout thе company. Progress іѕ followed bу listening tο ουr customers аnԁ bу measuring ουr routine. Shortcomings аnԁ mistakes mυѕt bе analyzed аnԁ corrected. Tribulations mυѕt bе anticipated аnԁ prevented before thеу occur. Wе аƖѕο mυѕt identify аnԁ take benefit οf opportunities.Tο stand still іѕ tο fall behind. Sο wе mυѕt strive fοr continuous improvement іn еνеrу area. It іѕ through many small improvements аѕ well аѕ through foremost breakthroughs thаt wе wіƖƖ achieve distinction. At Nestlé, Feature іѕ ουr first priority. Lеt υѕ practice іt еνеrу day.



Consumer Services
At Nestlé, wе аrе committed tο offering consumers high-feature food products thаt аrе safe, tаѕtу аnԁ affordable. Thе Nestlé Seal οf Guarantee іѕ a character οf thіѕ commitment.
Wе аƖѕο believe іn maintaining regular friend wіth ουr consumers. Thіѕ applies both tο hοw wе present ουr products аnԁ tο hοw wе address ουr consumers’ qυеѕtіοnѕ аnԁ concerns. Whеn Henri Nestlé prepared hіѕ first boxes οf infant formula fοr sale, hе рƖасе hіѕ address οn thе packages ѕο people wουƖԁ know whеrе tο ɡο іf thеу hаԁ qυеѕtіοnѕ. Today, ουr Consumer Relationship Panel wіth thе words “Talk tο Nestlé” expresses thе same commitment.

Thіѕ іѕ whу wе hаνе a worldwide Nestlé Consumer Services network devoted tο caring fοr ουr consumers. Oυr people hаνе expertise іn a wide range οf areas such аѕ nutrition, food science, food safety аnԁ culinary expertise. Thеу grant thе prompt, efficient аnԁ high feature service thаt consumers guess frοm Nestlé.
In addition, wе teach thеm talk wіth consumers аnԁ above аƖƖ, tο listen. Listening helps υѕ tο know whаt people want. Nestlé uses thе insights gained frοm relationships wіth consumers tο drive product development.
At Nestlé, wе care fοr ουr consumers bесаυѕе ουr success depends οn meeting thеіr wаntѕ аnԁ expectations. Through listening аnԁ understanding, wе саn mаkе products thаt thеу wіƖƖ want tο υѕе аƖƖ through thеіr lives.

FUTURE PROSPECTS
Nestle іѕ focused οn product expansion аnԁ improvement οf distribution efficiency. Thе Dairy business іѕ being expanded аnԁ іѕ expected tο drive progression іn thе long rυn, although small-term profitability mау bе impacted іn thе investment thе boards. Thе company’s entry іntο thе mineral water segment іѕ a interest, аѕ thе segment іѕ bу now overcrowded аnԁ thе company faces stiff competition especially frοm thе Cola manufacturers. Acquisition οf аn established brand сουƖԁ catapult Nestlé’s position іn thе segment. In categories Ɩіkе beverages, culinary products аnԁ chocolate confectionery, thе company іѕ looking аt driving progression through launch οf smaller SKU’s, thus enabling affordability tο a wide section οf thе population.

Monday 27 June 2011

READING SKILLS


READING SKILLS

1.     Reading Comprehension

Redding is one of the four language skills. It is generally agreed that the two main aims of reading are information and pleasure. It is for great value and importance. The most acceptable definition of reading is “the process by which we make sense o text”. It word and understanding the message

(I)        Identifying the Main idea:

Every text has a main idea, function or topic. The teacher will ask the students to skim through the text and identify that general idea. Before the students read the text the teacher will give them a list of few general questions. Answer to these questions will help the students to find out the main idea.

(II)      Finding the supporting details:

In every text there is usually one main idea, and some supporting details. The paragraphs in a text provide these details, now the teacher will ask the students to scan ever paragraph and pick up the topic sentence of that paragraph.

(III)          Understanding the full meanings:

The teacher will ask the students to read the text intensively (in depth) for complete comprehension and analysis. They should try to guess the meanings to difficult words from their context. They should try to read and understand every sentence.

(IV)           Sequencing Exercises:

Sequencing means ‘giving right order’. The teacher will write on the back board some sentences from the text. The students will read the text and write those sentences in the right order they occur in the text.

(V)       Recognizing cohesion devices:

      Cohesion means the linking of sentences especially in a written text. The writer uses certain words to organize hi text into a coherent whole. Such linking words and expression are therefore, although in spite of, but, finally, on the other hand, etc. The teacher will ask the student to read the text and pick up such expressions.





     (IV)     Cloze exercises (Gap-filling):

      The teacher will ask the students to read the text in their book. Then he will give the same text printed on a sheet of paper to the students. In that text every 7th or 9th word will be missing.
Information transfer exercises:
These are read-and-do exercises. In these exercises. The text is ready very carefully. Then this text is presented in another form sometimes, the information is presented in the form of a diagram, sometimes in the form of a chart.

2.     Types of reading

When we read something we usually read for a particular purpose. For instance we read the front page of a newspaper to find out what the latest news is. We read a train time-table to find out when trains leave and arrive. We read a telephone directory to find out someone’s telephone number. We read a novel for enjoyment. We read a text book to teach the subject we are studying, and so on.

(I)       Skimming:

Literally skimming means taking off cream from milk. In language study, it means reading something very quickly to find out what is it about. By running over eyes quickly over without worrying about the detail. When a person skims some text, he reads selectively. We skim generally for two reasons to avoid reading and a student must learn it.
  1. What methods of reading have been discussed in this article?

  2. Which of these tittles fits the text best?

  3. Which of these topics are dealt within the text?


(II)    Scanning:

Literally scanning means locating or discovering the place of something. In language study it means reading a text quickly to look for a specific piece of information. It is faster than skimming. In skimming we find out the gist but here we look for only one bit of information. When scanning, we run our eyes rapidly down the page, searching for the particular information. In this type of reading, we should keep name and numbers for dates.
  1. Look at page 00 and find out when Shakespeare died?

  2. How many times does the word this occurs on this page?

  3. (Using a page from an index) on what page is the topic of evolution mentioned?


(III) Intensive reading:

It is also called’ study reading’ it means the close and deep reading usually of a shot text. It is slow reading as it takes as time and effort. A great deal of class room reading, poetry or prose, is of this type. We also read intensively the written instruction, recipes, application forms, and question paper sin the examination halls.

(IV)  Extensive reading:

It means reading longer texts, usually for one’s own pleasure.  Unlike intensive reading, extensive reading is done mostly outside the class room in spare time, it is reading at home without the control and help of the teacher.


3   Faulty reading habits

We usually take reading for granted, and do not realize the causes of slow speed in reading.  The teacher should be aware of certain reading habits that may impede (interfere with) the reading process.  Some of such faulty reading habits are as follows:

(I)    Finger movement:

Some students move their fingers along the line as they read.  This slows down reading speed as the reader’s eye is inhibited by the movement of the finger as it stops and touches individual words.

(II) Head movement:

Some students make unnecessary head movement as they read.  This also inhabits (hold in check) reading speed since the eyes are denied natured fixation.

(III)          Eye and head movement:

Some students make unnecessary eye and head movements as they read. Their eyes move from word to word and so does their head. This also inhibits (hold back) reading speed since the eyes are denied natural fixation.

(IV)           Regression:

It means backward eye movements. The reader is reading and his eyes are sweeping forward and continuously advancing. Suddenly he moves back his eyes to check previous words. When this is repeated again and again, the speed of reading slows down.

(V)       Vocalization:

Vocalization means reading aloud which is useful at primary stages where the aim of reading is fluency and correct pronunciation. But at the stage of silent reading, it is considered to be a faulty habit.  Reading aloud is much slower than silent reading as our eyes move faster than out tongue.

(VI)           Sub-vocalization:

Some readers don’t utter the woes in an audible way, but they murmur or moth them, that is, they move their lips as they read.  The result is again own effect of vocalization or sib-vocalization can be understood by the following simple model of the reading process.



Print

Eye

Brain



Print

Eye

Vocalization

Brain

Our eye receives a visual image from print, and they transmit it to the brain where the message is interpreted.  When we vocalize or read aloud.  We add another stage to this process which results in slow speed of reading.
  

Saturday 25 June 2011

What is Communication Skills


Language Communication Skills

        I.      What’s Is Communication

            Communication can be define as
    1. Communication is exchange of information

    2. Communication is any behavior that results in an exchange of meanings.

    3. Communication is a mutual exchange of facts.

Characteristic of Communication


A.   Exchange of Information

People living in a community have different level of education their experience are different they work in different organization sane are loss informed,  other are more informed unless they exchange information with one another there can be no better understanding among there through exchange of information our learning becomes feasts

B.   Communication Is Behavior that’s resulting In an Exchange of Exchange of Meaning.

Behavior is the way in which we act & expect other to react when we ask some on a question, we expect an answer exchange of meaning is related to our opinion of the person whom we meet.

C.   Exchange of Facts, Experience or Emotions

Communication is the mutual exchange of information in the form of facts thoughts, experience or emotions, expressed through our behaviors by using various media.

      II.      Language Communication Skills

                                 i.            Listening Skills
                               ii.            Speaking skills
                              iii.            Reading skills
                             iv.            Writing skills

                    i.            Listening skill

There is first objective of teaching English. Here by listening, we do not mean just receiving the sound through the ear.
 In language teaching, listening mean, receiving the message through the ear with fun under standing.

                  ii.            Speaking skill
There is second skill objective of communication by speaking we do not mean merely uttering words through mouth. It means conveying the message through the words mouth.
This skill is also neglected in our class rooms.
                iii.            Reading skill
This is the third objective of teaching skill. Reading mean recognized of written words and understanding their meaning. At lower stages loved to reading is more given more importance.
At higher stage silent  reading is the main target this is the skill most needed by our students
                iv.            Writing Skill
This is forth objective of teaching English writing means the graphic representation of a language the student should be able to convey their thought through written words.
At lower stage it is mechanical just learning to write letter and word.
At the higher stage it is creative.

Monday 13 June 2011

McDonald’s Analysis


ANALYSIS OF DATA

The general objective of this research project was to analyze and chalk out the causes of failure of McDonald’s in Faisalabad city

In this chapter an attempt has been made to discuss, analyze and interpret the relevant data collected during the field research in order to draw the pertinent conclusions and determine the extent to which the present result reflects the image that the causes of Failure of McDonald’s  in Faisalabad city.

4.1 DEMOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The demographic facto like age, level of education, profession, sex and size of organization has a great impact upon the attitude of an individual. So the important information related to demographic characteristics of respondents has collected and discussed in Tables.

4.1.1 Age
Age may be defined as the time of life when a person becomes qualified to assume certain civil and personal rights and responsibilities, usually at 18 or 21 years (Anonymous, 2009a).

Age also play in important role in the perception of any respondents towards any thing. With the passage of time one could become mature and experience and vision about the environment become broader and the experience person is more aware than the inexperience.
Age of Respondents (In Years)
F.D
%
Below 20 Years
10
10%
21-30
25
25%
31-40
45
45%
41-50
18
18%
Above 50 Years
2
2%
Total
100
100%
(Table No. 1)







According to above cited table and figure shows that 45(45%) respondents out of 100(100%) falls between 31 – 40 age slab while the ages of 25(25%) respondents between 21-30 years.

The ages of remaining respondents are as follows:

  1. 10(10%) respondents are below 20 years.
  2. 18(18%) respondents fall 41-50 years
  3. Only 2(2%) respondents are above 50 years old.
4.1.2 Sex                                                        
Sex may be defined as the property of quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions (Anonymous, 2009b)
Sex of the respondents also plays an important role for their opinion about any product due to their different thinking about the different kind of products.

Sex of Respondent
F.D
%
Male
75
75%
Female
25
25%
Total
100
100%
(Table No. 2)

 
As per above mentioned table and figure, the majority of respondents 75(75%) out of 100(100%) are male while 25(25%) are female.

4.1.3 Analysis of respondents regarding Class/Category:

Class of Respondent
F.D
%
Student
18
18.00%
Businessman
32
32.00%
Employed
22
22.00%
House wife
10
10.00%
Other
18
18.00%
Total
100
100.00%
(Table No. 3)


As per above Table & Figure, the most of respondents 32(32%) are businessmen while 22(22%) are doing jobs in different organization/sectors.

The class/category of other remaining respondents are cited as:

  1. 18% respondents are students
  2. 10% respondents are housewife
  3. 18% respondents are others


4.1.4 Analysis of respondents regarding Tentative Income level:

Tentative Income Level
F.D
%
Less Than 10,000
5
5%
10,000 -20000
15
15%
20000-30000
35
35%
30000-40000
25
25%
Above 40,000
20
20%
Total
100
100%
(Table No. 4)
 
(Figure No. 4)



The income level of most 35(35%) respondents falls between Rs.20,000 and Rs.30,000 per month while other income level are being mentioned here:

  1. Only 5% respondents have their income less than Rs.10,000 per month.
  2. 15% respondents save their monthly income between 10,000 up to Rs.20,000 
  3. 25% respondents have their income greater than 20,000 but less than Rs.40,000 per month.
  4. 20% respondents save their income above Rs.40,000 per month.

4.2 Strength and Weakness of  McDonald’s
4.2.1 Perception of respondents with respect to quality of food:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald’s
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
1
Quality
3
5
4
2
1
15
Total
20%
33%
27%
13%
7%
100%
Table No. 5)
 
(Figure No. 5)
Standard
Quality Rate
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Economical
1
Low








The majority of 33(33%) respondents gave their remarks that the quality of KFC is greater than McDonald’s and other QSRs in Faisalabad city while Almaida got 2nd position with respect to quality of food. McDonald’s is on 3rd position.

  1. Only 20 respondents out of 100 said that the quality of food is average
  2. The majority of respondents (33%) out of 100% said that the quality of food of KFC is high.
  3. 27% respondents said that Almaida has fair food.

  1. 13% respondents argued that Fri-Chicks has economical food
  2. Only 7% respondents said that the quality of Sam’s is low.

4.2.2         Perception of respondents with respect to price of food:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonld's
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
1
Price
5
2
4
4
2
17
Total
29%
12%
24%
24%
12%
100%
(Table No. 6)

 
(Figure No. 6)


Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Economical
1
Low






The majority of respondents say that the prices of McDonald’s are higher than other QSRs in Faisalabad city. According to the price scale, McDonald’s got 5th Scale
·         The prices of KFC are economical as per perception of 12% respondents.
·         The prices of Almaida are fair because 24% respondents have disclosed their perception.
·         The Fri-Chicks prices are also fair, 24% respondents given their statements
·         The prices of Sam’s are economical, 12% respondents are agreed out of 100%.


4.2.2        Perception of respondents with respect to Ambiance of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald's
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
4
Ambiance
3
5
3
2
1
14
Total
21%
36%
21%
14%
7%
100%
(Table No. 7)
(Figure No. 7)



Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Satisfactory
1
Low







 As per above mentioned Table and Figure, the ambiance of McDonald’s is average as per perception of 21% respondents while KFC, Almaida and Sam’s have high, Average, satisfactory and low respectively.
4.2.4 Perception of respondents with respect to  of Cleanliness of QSRs:


Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald’s
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
5
Cleanliness
2
5
2
2
1
12
Total
17%
42%
17%
17%
8%
100%
(Table No. 8)
Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Satisfactory
1
Low

(Figure No. 8)





 

As per above mentioned data, the sanitation level at KFC is higher than other QSRs while McDonald’s has satisfactory level not in good position.
The sanitation level of all QSRs are as follows:
  1. 17% McDonld’s Satisfactory
  2. 42% KFC High
  3. 17% Almaida satisfactory
  4. 17% Fri chicks satisfactory
  5. 8% Sam’s Low level


4.2.5 Perception of respondents with respect to Satisfaction level of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald's
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
6
Satisfaction
1
5
5
2
1
14
Total
7%
36%
36%
14%
7%
100%
(Table No. 9)
Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
below average
1
Low









On the basis of above cited table and figure, the majority of respondents 36% out of 100% have given their statements that satisfaction level is very low at McDonald’s while all other KFC, Almaida, Fri-chicks and Sam’s have greater satisfactory level than McDonald’s which are High, High and fair respectively.
Perception of respondents with respect to Service of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald’s
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
3
Service
3
5
4
2
1
15
Total
20%
33%
27%
13%
7%
100%
(Table No. 10)
Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Satisfactory
1
Low








The services level of McDonald’s is being considered as per above mentioned results which have been got from 20% respondents while other KFC, Almaida, Fri-Chicks and Sam’s provide better services than McDonald’s rating got High, Fair, Satisfactory and low respectively.

4.2.7 Perception of respondents with respect to Affordability of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald’s
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
7
Affordability
1
5
3
2
2
13
Total
8%
38%
23%
15%
15%
100%
(Table No. 11)

 
Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Economical
1
Low







On the light of above mentioned data which has been got from various respondents agreed that the affordability of McDonald’s is very low as compare to other QSRs while  KFC, Almaida, Fri-Chicks and Sam’s are high. Every body can afford KFC, Almaida, Frichicks and Sam’s except McDonald’s.  KFC has got high rate from all others QSRs.
4.2.8 Perception of respondents with respect to Children’s Club of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald’s
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
8
Children’s Club
3
3
1
2
1
10
Total
30%
30%
10%
20%
10%
100%

(Table No. 12)


 
(Figure No. 12)

According to above mentioned data, it has been stated by respondents that children’s club are available but not up to standard, it is considered as average. So McDonald’s and other QSR have got rating from opinion of respondents are as follows:
1.      McDonald’s got 3 rating (which is available but considered as average.)
2.      KFC also got 3 rating (which is available but considered as average)
3.      Almaida has not available recently
4.      Fri-Chicks has  available on request
5.      Sam’s has not such type of facility.
     4.2.9Perception of respondents with respect to Home Delivery of QSRs:

Sr. No.
Parameter
McDonald's
KFC
Almaida
Fri chicks
Sam's
Total
9
Home delivery
2
5
3
2
1
13
Total
15%
38%
23%
15%
8%
100%
(Table No. 13)


 
Standard
 Rating
5
High
4
Fair
3
Average
2
Economical
1
Low










In the light of above mentioned data, KFC is providing best facilities than other QSR especially McDonald’s. 38% respondents out of 100% respondents have given preference to KFC. Quick home delivery is given by KFC while other give slow service for home delivery. QSR wise results are as follow:

  1. The home delivery of McDonald’s is considered as average not good not bad.
  2. The best home delivery is being provided by KFC.
  3.  Almaida, Frichicks and Sam’s are providing services not satisfactory level.
4.2.10 Perception of respondents with respect to Ambiance of QSRs:

Visit Time
F.D
%
Weekly
7
7.0%
Twice in week
5
5.0%
Monthly
28
28.0%
Occasionally
60
60.0%
Total
100
100.0%
(Table No. 14)


 
(Figure No. 14)
According to the above table and figure, 60(60%) respondents out of 100(100%) have been visited McDonalds occasionally not daily, weekly, twice in a week or monthly. It means the majority of the respondents do not like to go McDonalds that why they go there occasionally.
4.2.11 Perception of respondents with respect to way of advertisement of McDonald’s
Medium
F.D
%
TV
10
10.0%
Newspaper
15
15.0%
Pamphlets
50
50.0%
Bill Boards
5
5.0%
SMS alert
5
5.0%
Friends or Relatives
15
15.0%
Total
100.0
100.0%
(Table No. 15)

 
(Figure No. 15)



According to the above cited data, it has been advertised/ informed to 50% respondents via pamphlets which is advertising technique is very elderly or absolute so we can say the flow and process of advertisement is very slow because people don’t have enough time to read pamphlets. They should informed via sms alert. 

4.2.12 Perception of respondents with respect to  placed order for new menu  of McDonald’s.

Order Placed
F.D.
Percentage
Yes
85
85%
No.
15
15%
Total
100
100%
(Table No. 16)


 
(Figure No. 16)

As per table and figure which are cited as above, 85% respondents have placed order for new menu but the new menu was not available in McDonald’s while only 15% respondents were already known that new menu was not available in McDonald’s.
   









 4.2.13 Perception of respondents with respect to taste of food of McDonald’s

Taste of food
F.D
%
Delicious
5
5%
Good
10
10%
Normal
60
60%
Not good
25
25%
Total
100
100%
(Table No. 17)

 
(Figure No. 17)



According to the above mentioned table & Figure, 60% respondents out of 100% tell that the taste of McDonald’s is normal neither delicious nor good. It is being considered as an average like home taste.
Remaining respondent’s opinions are cited as below:
  1. 5% marked to delicious
  2. 10% marked to good
  3. 25% respondents marked that its taste is not good.



4.2.14 Perception of respondents with respect to visit time of McDonald’s


QSRs
Rate
F.D %
KFC
5
29.4%
McDonald’s
2
11.8%
Almaida
3
17.6%
Fri-Chicks
3
17.6%
Sam's
4
23.5%
TOTAL
17
100.0%
(Table No. 18)




High
5
Low
1
(Figure No. 18)



According to the above mentioned results, it has been shown majority of people liked to visit KFC in last six month moreover very few people visited McDonald’s in last six month.


4.2.15 Perception of respondents with respect to Recommendation to other for McDonald’s

QSRs
Rate
F.D %
KFC
            5
31%
McDonald's
            1
6%
Almaida
            4
25%
Fri-Chicks
            4
25%
Sam's
            2
13%
 Total
          16
100%
(Table No. 19)




High
5
Low
1
 (Figure No. 19)


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